Voting Independently

by Justin Harford

 

Yesterday, June 3, 2014, I cast my first ballot independently as someone who is blind, using an electronic voting machine at my local polling place. This experience brought me a lot of satisfaction both because I was participating in the electoral process as a good citizen who had done their homework, studying up on the issues and candidates, and because I was carrying out my civic responsibility with complete independence, and anonymity. However, it took me many years to come to this point.
 
When I celebrated my 18th birthday in 2006, and the civic responsibility of voting and elections became a reality, I wasn’t really sure how to react. People around me seemed to think that I should be excited, but I wasn’t.
 
In fact, I had a lot of fears around voting, and skepticism of how much my vote really mattered. I grew up hearing scary stories from fellow blind people about being assisted by voting judges who try to manipulate their decisions. Electronic voting machines meant a whole new set of worries for me. Sure the voting process would be accessible, but there had been some significant questions about certain models of electronic voting machines designed by a company whose leaders had ties to a political party.  I wondered would if the machines could be hacked and made

Pictured: Justin Harford tests the Dominion
Voting Machine at the California Secretary of
State's office in May 2014.

to drop votes, or cast votes for different candidates or measures then the voter had intended? So how would I know that my vote would count? How would I know that the electronic voting machine wouldn’t just be another form of automated voting judge, which would listen to my choices, and either question me on whether I was making the right decision, or simply put whatever it wanted on the ballot without me knowing?
 
Nevertheless, over the years my attitude did change. I selectively voted in certain races that particularly interested me, such as Obama for president in 2008, “Yes” on the speed train initiative, while ignoring others like proposition 8, which I came to regret later on after they passed it. Maybe it would’ve been different if I had voted. My mother would help me fill out mail ballots, and I found her to be a lot more trustworthy than a stranger at a precinct.
 
During my experiences working as a community organizer, I have come to realize the power of interacting with the folks who represent and serve in our local, state and national governments. I have seen individuals step up to the podium at City Hall meetings, bring up issues which I didn’t think anyone would ever care about, and actually elicit a positive reaction from the Council, stopping measures from going through or at least getting their passage delayed for more consideration. I have learned that the vote is the strongest form of nonviolent power that enables people living in a democracy to effect real change, not just because it can get an official elected or put out of the job, but because of the signal that it sends to those who represent us-- that we care about how they treat our issues.
 
That is why I plan to continue voting independently in all future elections as someone who is blind. That is why I am proud to represent the interests of the disability community, so that there will never be anything about us without us.
 
Justin Harford is the Disability Community Advocate at FREED Center for Independent Living in Grass Valley, CA.

Going Full Circle: Using AT to Provide Services to Needing AT to Provide Services

By Rhett Simmons of West Coast Captioning

Assistive Technology (AT) has been a major part of my life for the last 23 years. 

In 1991, I started using AT to provide captioning services for Deaf and Hard of Hearing individuals. In case you don't know, captioning is the black box with words in it that you see on the television screen when you are at the gym or in a restaurant. So, even if you can’t hear the sound, you can read the captioning which puts the English words being spoken in the box. Without AT, this would not be possible. Sometimes captioning is broadcast over television and sometimes it is provided live at events or in classrooms. Now, we can also even provide remote captioning through the internet. Our agency provides all these services, and we use AT for all of them.

In the beginning as captioning was just coming to the forefront, software was developed to allow the key strokes from a steno machine (typically used by court reporters) to be recognized as English words. Those words were then projected to a computer screen which allowed the Deaf or Hard of Hearing individual to have communication access to whatever setting they may be in. With the advancement of the captioning software and the use of a computerized steno machine and a laptop, students could then be interactive in their university courses or in work meetings - which they had not been able to do previously. This AT was a huge advancement for the community.            

U.C. Davis wanted to try this cutting-edge technology, and they set up a pilot program. I was the captioner that was contracted to provide services for this pilot. Fortunately, the pilot program was a success! After that I started my captioning agency, West Coast Captioning. We started out in  colleges and universities providing educational captioning, but as requests grew, the agency grew as well. It has been exciting to see how AT technology has changed over the years. With each change, we can provide better services with easier access for our consumers. Being located in a capital city (Sacramento), our agency has evolved to specialize in governmental captioning. We also have captioners on staff who specialize in various other areas.

             

Rhett providing captioning at DCAD 2014 - Rhett and her daughter are in the bottom right

Over the last two years, AT has taken a different role in my life. I am a diabetic and now legally blind. I was diagnosed with gestational diabetes at the age of 28. After the birth of my daughter, the diabetes went away. But, at the age of 35, it returned and I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Years later, diabetic complications started and have not stopped. At the age of 48, I had a stroke. At 50, I developed congestive heart failure and kidney problems, both of which have made Kaiser South Sacramento Hospital my home away from home. At 52, I was declared legally blind. I am now 54, and this - being legally blind - is the complication that I have struggled with the most.            

As a captioner, it is so important to be able to read what you are captioning so that you can correct errors and have the  captioning be as near to perfect as possible. Well, obviously without vision that can’t be done - at least not done in the way I had been accustomed to doing it for 21 years - or so I thought. Miraculously, the good news is that I am STILL doing my job. Unbelievable, huh?            

With the help of the AT, I have been able to continue captioning. Has it been difficult? Absolutely. Has it required a lot of flexibility and change? Yes, it has. But I am doing it! 

Rhett's two captioning screens

I still use the same captioning equipment I always have, but I now have a large (and I mean LARGE) screen attached to my computer. With specialized software for individuals that have low vision or are blind, I am able to enlarge the captioning I am doing on the larger screen while the captioning on the smaller screen stays the same. It is a miracle that, with the enlarged font and the inverted colors, I am able to see the words.            

With my agency, I also have a lot of office work. I currently use a CCTV to help me read my mail, sign pay checks, pay bills, and do invoicing. I didn’t even know about CCTVs until I became blind. This is something that can oftentimes be found in the AT Network Device Lending Library to borrow, should anyone wish to try it out themselves. I can no longer read text such as mail, books, or anything printed but the CCTV allows me to continue to see those things. It is the most amazing piece of AT that I use. I also have a portable CCTV that fits in my purse. I can take this to a restaurant and read the menu. Without this assistive technology, I would not have been able to continue to work or continue to do the many things that running an agency requires.            

What I am particularly thankful for is the fact that going into the field of captioning has allowed me to be exposed to the disability community. This has made my new journey so much easier. I have several blind friends that have inspired me with their professional and personal success and the way they live their lives. At times, I felt like giving up, as I got so weary. During those times, someone always came through to help lead me through it. It has been hard and I have changed a lot.            

I think being willing to change is the key here. The best advice came from a wonderful friend of mine, who also has vision loss. She said to me, “Rhett, if you are willing to do things differently, you are going to be fine. Step out of the box and be open to change.” 

Since then, several people have given me that same advice and this is where the AT comes in. I always go back to that solid advice when I feel defeated. I do things very differently now than I did just two years ago. I am sure that in two years from now I will be doing things differently again. I feel so fortunate to live in a time when AT is here to help me with these changes. If this had happened even 20 years ago, I would have had to quit. Perhaps someday I will reach that point, but it won’t be because of this disability. It will be because I am getting too old and it is time to retire.           

And actually, being blind is not all bad. At first I thought it was but now that I have settled in a bit, I am finding more and more good things about it. Yes, it is sad that I cannot see my daughter’s beautiful smile anymore. But on the flip side, she is apparently dying her hair every color of the rainbow right now and that, in particular, is a thing this mom doesn’t need to see – I’m good. Just sayin’…

Joe Xavier, Director of the California Department of Rehabilitation

by Nubyaan Scott, Program Coordinator

Joe Xavier is the newly appointed Director of the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR). He recently took some time to talk with us about his background, hopes for the future, and his thoughts on Assistive Technology (AT). Take a few minutes to get to know Joe; we’re sure you’ll find it an interesting read!

Joe Xavier, Director of the CA Dept of Rehabilition

Can you share a little about your background, like your education, where you grew up, and your jobs before DOR?

I came to this country as a child, seven years old; I am one of eight siblings. And, I am the only one with a disability, which happens to be blindness. I had poor vision as a toddler that grew worse, so that by my mid to late teens, it started requiring more than just eyeglasses. And, then by my late twenties, early thirties, there was no usable vision left. I grew up and came from the Azores to California, grew up on dairy farms working with my family, and participating in ranch life. I went to elementary, middle school, and high school in integrated school settings, and then went off to college. In my sophomore year of high school the Department of Rehabilitation reached out to me, and made their services known to me. I then went through in-depth services in 1982 or so, and became self-employed for fourteen years as a result of that.  And, I have spent the last sixteen years as a civil servant. I started as a supervisor over our Business Enterprises Services Field Office. Followed by four years as an auditor, if not the only, one of the first blind Auditors in the State of California. Then, three years as a Section Chief of our Business Services Section. And, the last six-plus years in an Executive capacity with the Department including Independent Living, the Specialized Services Division, and today the Director of the Department.

It’s my understanding that you didn’t speak much English when your family came to the United States. So, I was wondering whether there was any Assistive Technology that helped you to learn English.

When you say, “much English,” you’re being very kind, because I spoke no English when I came here. On the Azores the language is Portuguese, so my first language is Portuguese. And, when we came here, we landed in Sebastopol, which is just outside of Santa Rosa. There was no one who spoke Portuguese in the school that I went to; or any language that I could understand. And, for your readers, what they probably don’t know is that I’m close to 102 years old.

Nubyaan: You don’t look a day over 90!

(laughter from both)

Joe: So, being that I am fifty-four years old, this is way before Google or all of the internet access that is available. So, back then, there really was next to none of the resources that we think of today; especially, as we talk about assistive technology. So, there was not any technology that I was able to take advantage of.  Although today there is quite a bit of it that could be used for someone who is learning English as a second language.

      Is it true that you had some difficulty with school in your early years, but, then later on you excelled? And, in compound with that, was there any assistive technology that helped you to excel in school? And, by “assistive technology,” I don’t necessarily mean literal technology, the way we think of it now. When we talk to everyday consumers about it, we try to phrase it as “anything that is an addition to your life that helps you with it.” So, any kind of devices or tools.  

   Yes. And, I think that’s a good explanation. I did have a difficult time with school, and it was a language barrier. I was held back a year because of my language barrier, and then I actually skipped a year once my language caught up with me. Because I had poor eyesight during that time, playing sports was something that was very difficult to do. But, one of the things that I got to do was to play softball. And, the position that I got to play on the softball team was pitcher. And, I was the only pitcher that wore a catcher’s mask. So, you can call that in a manner of speaking, a piece of assistive technology. Which essentially allowed me to overcome the barrier of not being able to see the ball coming at me. So, in the event that it did come at my face, it would at least bang off of the mask first. So, it was pretty creative at that time for coaches and teachers, and whoever came up with the idea. I was the pitcher, I had a catcher’s mask on, and I brushed a lot of people back off of the plate. Which means they weren’t sure if they should stand in there and hit the ball or back up. It worked!

At what point in your life did you learn about assistive technology in the formal sense; the way we think about it now?

When I started in the end of junior high, beginning high school; when they actually diagnosed what the cause of my poor eyesight was. Then, I started getting exposure to assistive technology. Some of the first technology that I used was magnifiers; I had a lot of different magnifiers. I had a couple of magnifying bars that were flat on one side and beveled on the other, so that they wouldn’t distort the print too badly. You had a six-inch or a ten-inch magnifying bar, and you’d essentially slide it down the row of print on the paper. So, that was my first exposure to the various pieces of assistive technology, and it progressed increasingly from there.

What do you think was your first use of assistive technology before you really knew what that term meant?

The catcher’s mask was clearly one of those; before I would even identify that as “AT” today. One of the things that I did on the dairy farm was drive farm equipment around. One of the pieces of technology that I used to be able to keep the tractor where it needed to go was driving the tractor down the ruts. So, I literally had just developed a since of knowing when the tractor was navigating off of those ruts. That was very early on.

Are there any pieces of assistive technology that you feel helped you on your path to citizenship?

Well, becoming a citizen occurred very late in life compared to when I arrived here. So, I came here as a child at the age of seven; I didn’t become a citizen until my early twenties. So, at that time, the citizenship path was very simple for me because I had already overcome the language barrier. The technology that I was using at the time that I became a citizen was largely magnification. And, the magnification that I was using at the time was closed circuit T.V.s; what we now refer to as CCTVs. And, I started using those in 1982 or so. The first one I had was about a 9-inch little portable screen, and it grew from that into your full 14-inch platforms.

Can you tell me a little more about your relationship with the Department of Rehabilitation over time?

Achieving employment was the key and the path to independence for me. What’s unique about my experience with the Department of Rehabilitation is that two months ago I was sworn in as the Director, and I had the great honor of having present at the ceremony, the two counselors who worked with me as a consumer in the mid-seventies and early eighties. And, I think it speaks volumes to the quality of the individuals that we hire, the counselors that we have, as well as the impact that they have on the lives of the people that they work with.

What assistive technology devices do you think have helped you most during your time at the Department of Rehabilitation?

I think that the assistive technology that I’ve used has been a generational expansion. So, let me explain. When I talked about using the CCTVs and when my vision decreased to the point where those were no longer useful. They would serve as a beacon of light, in other words, I knew if they were on or off, but that was about as valuable as they were. I started moving into use of screen readers, and I started moving into use of laptops. And, then I started moving into use of electronic note takers. And, the electronic note takers evolved from very cumbersome, very archaic, to moderate, to today as I sit here talking to you, my electronic note taker is an iPhone with an app, and a Bluetooth keyboard. Each of those evolutions of technology brought an increased ability to be efficient, and, an increased reduction of the footprint that the AT takes up. So, a laptop for example has a much larger footprint, and is much heavier than an iPhone. And, of course the applications have evolved, the screen readers have evolved over time, Braille displays have evolved over time; they’ve gotten smaller, faster, and more powerful. Society as a whole, slow as it may be, has made progress to ensure that applications that are in general use, such as the Microsoft Office products, are increasingly accessible. So, it’s not a piece, as much as it is an evolution that has brought about the efficiency and effectiveness, as well as my ability to do the work that I’m doing.

Have you ever created your own assistive technology?

Oh, yeah quite a bit. So, at home I have a garage full of saws, drills, routers, all kinds of woodworking tools, and metal cutting tools. And, I am very notorious for having fashioned different ways of getting the work done. One example of that would be that quite often I would need to measure a piece of wood or metal that I’m going to cut. But, I needed it to be the length of the space that I was going to fit it into. So, I would go to Home Depot and buy a long, thin baseboard which can come in different lengths. And, using a binder clip, I could wedge that into the space that I wanted to measure, use the binder clip to slide over to the size that I wanted, take that back, lay it on the saw, lay it on the piece of wood that I was going to cut, and cut it. That’s just an example of an assistive technology. I do a lot of electrical work around the house. And, one of the things that you really need to be aware of when you’re doing electrical work is the distinction between a black wire and a white wire. What I would do is get a piece of electrical tape, and once I identified which the black wire was, I would put that piece of tape around that black wire. Then, when I went to wire, unwire, or rewire, I didn’t need sighted assistance to identify the colors of the wires because they were already marked. So, each of those types of things, in effect becomes a piece of technology. If you step back and think about it, the purpose is to overcome a barrier. My barrier was the ability to see the color of the wire, so the piece of tape on the wire overcame that barrier.

What role do you think assistive technology plays in the services that the Department of Rehabilitation provides to its consumers?

I think the role that the assistive technology plays is largely, if not wholly driven by the individual. The Department is in a position, and has the practice of providing the assistive technology that is necessary for each individual to accomplish their plan for employment.  However, it’s what the individual does with the assistive technology that will make the difference. Providing it is just a small part of that equation.  Too often, individuals expect to get a piece of technology, and that it will solve all of the needs that they have. The technology will not solve those needs; it’s the use of the technology that will solve those needs. And, as it is with anything that we want to be good at, we need to invest time in it. And, I have invested a considerable amount of time learning the nuances, the practical and the difficult tasks of whether it’s a software application, or whether it’s a piece of hardware that I need to learn how to use.  And, for technology to be effective, we also as individuals have to understand that what’s at hand today is what you get to use, and while it may improve tomorrow , if you keep waiting for tomorrow, you will be waiting a long time. Because, technology is not perfection; it’s progress.  If you think about the description that I provided, in terms of the evolution from desktop to laptop, to note takers, etc., that’s all progress, not perfection. The iPhone and the iPad today are not perfection compared to what we’ll see a couple of years from now. I think it’s reasonable to conclude that more and more of the “mainstream technology,” will be fitted or created in such a way that meets the disability needs of many. And, the iPhone is a classic example of that. Built into every single iPhone is now a screen reader, magnification software, and other pieces of software that will provide beneficial use for the deaf and hard-of-hearing population. There are also pieces built into the iPhone that will provide assisted use for individuals with mobility dexterity and cognitive disabilities. And, I think as that grows, where technology will embrace that diverse user approach, then there will be less of a need for the after-the-fact modification, because those are being thought of and built-in upfront. Society grows, technology advances, and successful companies continue to do the same.

What do you hope for the future of assistive technology?

The ideal for me would be that there is no need for it. That both in society and in just general practice, that we have come to a point where the functional, operational requirements of individuals with disabilities is so integrated that we no longer think of it as assistive technology. At the end of the day when we talk about equality, we truly will have achieved equality when we don’t need to call out assistive technology, or physical access, or programmatic access; it’s there.

I think it’s safe to say that every leader has their own style of leading. What do you hope to bring to the Department of Rehabilitation, as its new leader?

Well, what I can share with you are some of the things that I bring to my everyday responsibilities. Ensuring that what we do is very clearly focused on that end-result, on the purpose, the outcomes for which we exist. The inclusion of stakeholder and community in a meaningful collaborative partnership in informing our practices, our policies, and our services. Ensuring that we have both the management and the leadership in place that has the depth of understanding and the experience and the breadth of appreciation to blend the needs of our community, of our programs, with the functions of government, unite them, and point them in the same direction. And, of course as it is with any organization, the responsible and responsive allocation of the existing resources that we have, that is done in a way that is equitable, and that does the greatest good for the greatest number of people.  And, recognizing that we don’t have either enough money or enough people, but that we must continue to find ways to do better with the resources that we are given.